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Earthworm Experiments

PERIOD B HONORS BIOLOGY IS THE BEST CLASS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
== OHHHHHHHHHH YYYYYYYEEEEEEEAAAAAAAAA!!!!!!!!!!! ==

__Collaboration__
//On this page, you and your group will edit the responses to the questions that are assigned you. Note that other students have already begun editing. Use your group's information to correct or add to the response. Our goal is to create the most well-written and authoritative wiki page about Earthworms we can.//

1. Which body systems interact to produce a behavior response?
When an animal responds to a stimulus body systems include sense organs, nervous system, and muscles.

**2. Compare and contrast innate and learned behavior.**
Innate behaivor is by instinct,or they were born with it and learned behaivor is when you are trained to do it.

3. Define the four major types of learning.
What an animal does (or how it reacts) to a certain change in its environment.

4. Explain the difference between a stimulus and a response.
Any kind of signal that carries information and can be detected is called a stimulus. A single, specific reaction to a stimulus- such as waking up when you hear an alarm- is called a response.

6. Give an example of how humans learn through classical conditioning:
If a person walks upp to a dog and the dog bites them. They think, "Ow That Hurt!" They go up to them three more times and get bit again. They finally associate walking up to the dog with pain.

__Vocabulary__
Stimulus - any kind of detectable signal that carries information. Response - single, specific reaction to a stimulus. Habituation - The process by which an animal decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms the animal. Classical conditioning - The process in which an animal makes a mental connection between a stimulus and a reward or punishment. Operant conditioning - learning process in which an animal learns to behave in a certian way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment; also called trial-and-error learning. Insight learning - Using past knowledge to accomplish a new and unfamilar situation without trial and error. Imprinting - rapid learning that occurs during a brief receptive period, typically soon after birth or hatching, and establishes a long-lasting behavioral response to a specific individual or object, as attachment to parent

3. Describe the circulatory system of an Annelid.
===Annelids typically have a close circulatory system. The blood is circulated through a network of blood vessels which consists of a dorsal and ventral blood vessel, and five pseudo hearts that connect the dorsal and ventral blood vessels together behind the head region. The pseudo hearts pump the blood toward the back of the worm through the ventral blood vessel, and blood returns through the dorsal blood vessel. Earthworms don’t have a real heart. Instead, they have five fake hearts. ===

7. Describe the brain and nervous system of an Annelid.
== Earthworms do not have many specialized sense organs as stated before. They do, however, have a ventral nervechord and a small brain in the head region. Earthworms have touch, light,, vibration, and chemical receptors all along the entire surface of the body. The brain center consists of ganglia from which emerged a single ventral nerve cord. Nerve branches radiate from the various segments of the organism form the Peripheral Nervous System. ==

9. How do they reproduce?
== They can reproduce asexually and sexually. In asexual reproduction the end part of the annelid splits off and becomes a whole other annelid. Earthworms cannot reproduce asexually. They reproduce by the male sending fluids from his pores into the females ovipores. ==

== By having these light-sensitive cells, the earthworm can tell when there is a shadow falling on it. If there is a shadow on the end of the earthworm that is outside of its burrow, it assumes that there is a bird or another natural predator outside therefore it retreats. == ​

= Earthworm Experiments = = = =List your group member names, state the scientific question you tested, share your hypothesis, and describe your results. You can also post a picture or a video if you have one.= = = =Connor Sheehan, Maurice Williams, Sophie Creegan, Tyler Saunders. Our scientific question was, "What material will the earthworm most likely go to: Soil, sand, leaves, or chocolate?"= == =Our hypothesis was that the earthworms will go to the soil because it is most familiar with that habitat. Our results were that the worms mostly went to the soil and sand. They went to the leaves and chocolate a couple times, but the soil and sand were most popular.= =Catie Gillette, Shannon Friberg, and Anthony Dubois:= =In our experiment, we filled four different sections of a tray with four different types of dirt. We used wet sand, dry sand, potting soil, and regular dirt. We predicted that the worms would burrow into the potting soil. We placed the worm into center of the tray and within one minute and thirty seconds the worm had tunneled into the potting soil. We repeated this process three times and got the same results. This proved our hypothesis right that potting soil was the worms favorite type of dirt. **__ Ellen Bacchiocchi, Christina DiPietro, Samantha Sgroi, & Mitchel Mahanor __** What Substance do earthworms go to first? sand, soil, mud or moist cardboard? In our experiment we filled the four sections with mud, sand, dirt, and wet cardboard. We put three worms in the center of the tray, then let them go. Every 30 seconds we recorded where they were in the tray. Then we redid the experiement 2 more times. Our hypothesis was that they would go to the soil first, since that is what they live in. Our conclusion was that they went to the soil most of time. Although they also went to cardboard once. They did not go into the sand, and they went into the mud once. :) = = = = = = __Casey Rosenberg, Destiny Desroche, Corinna Adams, and Jonas Eastman:__ Our Hypothesis was that the worms would like the Normal Dirt best. = = Our Responding variable was: which type of dirt the worms chose. We didn't have a manipulated variable, per say.... because we didn't change anything in our experiment, but our controlled variables were the types of dirt, the duration of the experiment, and the plastic environment container. The types of dirt that we used were: Sand, Normal Dirt, Mud, and Potted Plant Dirt. Overall, the worms liked the Regular Dirt best, so our hypothesis was correct. = = = =Ellie Jones, Currenn Mackie-Malcolm, Laura Pulito, and Brianna Pelkie: Our question which color do earthworms prefer? (yellow, black, green, red, white). Hypothesis: The earthworms would prefer black. The first interal of 10 minutes there was one worm that went to black and no other worms really moved. In the first inveral we did not have anything in the middle section of the tray we just had the plain tray. In the second interval we put a peice of white construction paper in the center and there was still again only one worm that moved and it went under the black. The worm went to all the colors and turned away until it went to the black one and went under it. The last interval we added sand paper to the middle circle to see if that would change how they reacted and if it made them move at all. We had three worms move in this one. The first worm went to the black and went under it. The second went to the yellow and went under it. The last one went to the red but turned away. =